A teacher I know says it is easy to determine if a student wrote their paper if you interview them about it. You’re right that automated methods are risky.

Another example are the birth giving refugees.

Admittedly I don’t watch the news, but I’ve never heard of this. When I’ve heard about problems in birth care (or health care in general, really), it’s mainly the effects of cutting funding: Shutdowns of clinics in rural parts, especially in the north, leading to long distances to care; Not enough beds for the demand; Trouble with finding staff for the summer. It sounds short-sighted to me to blame refugees for a problem that’s been brewing for decades.